Responsible bikers "NEVER" ride without a helmet. That's not up for discussion.

A backpack is essential. Alternatively, a hip bag will also work. Contents: spare inner tube, bicycle pump, energy bars, water, weather-appropriate clothing.

We always carry a basic kit in our backpack, including tools, a first-aid kit, a puncture repair kit, a chain tool, and spare inner tubes. But because every bike now has different components, you should also carry the following bike-specific items: chain lock, suitable inner tube, mini tool, and bicycle pump.